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Frederick I, byname Frederick Barbarossa (Italian: Redbeard), (born c. 1123—died June 10, 1190), duke of Swabia (as Frederick III, 1147–90) and German king and Holy Roman emperor (1152–90), who challenged papal authority and sought to establish German predominance in western Europe.
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He ascended the throne in 1123, taking the reign name Sutoku, after the abdication of his father, the emperor Toba; despite his abdication Toba continued to hold power.
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The Lateran Councils of 1123, 1139, and 1179 marked important stages in the development of the reform papacy.
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…of which was the first Lateran Council in 1123.
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Nicholas dates from the 14th century; another church occupied the site in 1123.
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In 1123 Albert inherited Saxon estates between the Harz Mountains and the middle reaches of the Elbe River from his father, Otto the Rich.
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Bartholomew’s Hospital (1123); the hospital was rebuilt from 1730 to 1759.
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Their efforts were made part of church law at the first and second Lateran Councils (1123 and 1139), which abolished clerical marriage and thus established the official and still-existing position of the Roman Catholic church.
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If the Catholic church is serious about reducing sexual abuse committed by its clergy (“Praying about preying”, February 23rd), the Vatican should reverse the decrees of the Lateran Councils of 1123 and 1139 and permit priests, nuns and even monks, to marry and raise families.
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The papacy also asserted its leadership in matters of faith, especially in a series of ecumenical councils held at the Lateran Palace in Rome in 1123, 1139, 1177, and 1215.
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From 1123 until 1136 Suryavarman waged a series of unsuccessful campaigns against Dai Viet, the Vietnamese kingdom that had asserted its independence from China in 939.
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Though captured by the Turks and held hostage from 1123 until 1124, in subsequent years he succeeded in expanding his territory and directing attacks against Muslim Damascus with the aid of the Hospitallers and the Templars, Crusading religious-military orders.
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The clergy also expressed its authority through a series of energetic church councils, from the first Lateran Council in 1123 to the fourth Lateran Council in 1215, and greatly enhanced both the ritual and legal authority of the popes.
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Hermits such as Mi-la ras-pa (1040–1123) shunned material things; but the systematized sects became prosperous through the support of local lords, often kinsmen of the founding lama, and, except for the Bka’-gdams-pa, each developed its own system of keeping the hierarchical succession within a noble family.
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Bartholomew’s (the oldest) was founded in 1123 and St.
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First Lateran Council, (1123), the ninth ecumenical council, held in the Lateran Palace in Rome during the reign of Pope Calixtus II; no acts or contemporary accounts survive.
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After the Concordat of Worms (1122), which settled some aspects of the Investiture Controversy, popes held regular assemblies of higher clergy in church councils, the first of which was the first Lateran Council in 1123.
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The Bka’-brgyud-pa school developed from the teachings of the Indian master Tilopa, who transmitted them to the Indian yogi Naropa, the master of Mar-pa, the 11th-century householder-teacher, who was in turn the master of Mi-la-ras-pa (1040–1123).
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It was not until ecumenical meetings of the Catholic Church at the First and Second Lateran councils in 1123 and 1139 that priests were explicitly forbidden from marrying.
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Bishop Alexander built a castle and bridge over the Trent there (1123–35); the castle was replaced by a stone building about 1173.
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