In double-reed instruments (oboes and bassoons), two thicknesses of reeds are used.
It uses the bass sonorities of the orchestral texture, like low strings, bassoons, tuba and bass drum, allowing the cello's tenor register to sing out of the mire.
At the beginning, winds trill against quick upward swoops in the strings; horns, bassoons, and cellos establish a galloping rhythm, at medium volume; then comes a trickier wind-and-string texture, with staggered entries and downward-swooping patterns; and, finally, horns and bass trumpet lay out the main theme.
Haydn’s marches written for the Derbyshire yeomanry were scored for trumpet, two horns, two clarinets, two bassoons, and serpent (the wooden precursor of the tuba).
During the 18th century, the bassoon’s value to the ensemble was first recognized, and, to the present day, Western orchestras have typically employed two bassoons.
The woodwinds, for example, divide into flutes (sopranos), oboes (altos), clarinets (tenors), and bassoons (basses), although this distinction must be greatly qualified.
His energy was mainly devoted to improving already existing woodwind instruments, and his well-tuned recorders, flutes, oboes, and bassoons were highly regarded throughout Europe.
Beethoven had given himself rather limited instrumental forces - only pairs of flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, horns, and trumpets, with timpani and strings—yet he needs nothing more for brilliant dramatic effect.
In the late 17th century, the French composer Jean-Baptiste Lully directed for the royal court an orchestra dominated by stringed instruments but including woodwinds, such as oboes and bassoons, and sometimes also flutes and horns.
Wind instruments became used more and more for colouring; the flutes, for instance, were noted for their bright tone quality and great technical agility, the clarinets for all the aforementioned qualities, and the bassoons for their special tone quality.
As early as 1784, in a festival commemorating the composer’s centenary (a year premature, as it turns out), Westminster Abbey presented the oratorio with 60 sopranos, 48 countertenors, 83 tenors, 84 basses, 6 flutes, 26 oboes, 26 bassoons, 1 contrabassoon, 12 horns, 12 trumpets, 6 trombones, 157 strings, assorted percussion, and an organ.
The composer of the 18th century was likely to use the orchestral instruments at least part of the time in the following manner: the flutes doubling the same part as the first violins (frequently the melody); the oboes doubling the second violins or the first violins in octaves; the clarinets (by the end of the century) doubling the violas; and the bassoons doubling the violoncellos and double basses.
bassoons
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The composer of the 18th century was likely to use the orchestral instruments at least part of the time in the following manner the flutes doubling the same part as the first violins frequently the melody the oboes doubling the second violins or the first violins in octaves the clarinets by the end of the century doubling the violas and the bassoons doubling the violoncellos and double basses