Meristems are found at the tips of roots and shoots.
In rosette plants, intercalary meristems are lacking.
Leaves are grown later, as required, from stem cells known as meristems.
Cell division in plants occurs in regions called meristems .
These meristems are capable of indefinite growth, especially in perennial plants.
(Stem growth is generally indeterminate since the meristems are active indefinitely.)
An increase in width and in the number of cell layers is brought about by marginal meristems.
The meristems of the grass leaf are also basally positioned and therefore similarly protected.
Figure 4 summarizes the patterns of primary and secondary growth from root and shoot apical meristems.
Plant meristems divide to produce cells that increase the height of plants, the length of roots and the girth of the stem.
These regions, known as meristems, occur at the growing tips of branches and roots and as a cylindrical sheath around the stem.
The shoot apical meristem and the primary meristems lie at the apex of the shoot and give rise to the primary tissues of the stem.
The cells that emanate from the apical meristem are arranged in lineages of partially differentiated tissues known as primary meristems.
Secondary, or lateral, meristems, which are found in all woody plants and in some herbaceous ones, consist of the vascular cambium and the cork cambium.
Lateral meristems are known as secondary meristems because they are responsible for secondary growth, or increase in stem girth and thickness.
Among meristems of limited existence is the marginal, or plate, meristem responsible for the increase in surface area of a leaf; it contributes new cells mainly in one plane.
As the plant matures, apical meristems in the shoots produce new buds and leaves, and apical meristems in the roots are the points of active growth for roots (Figure 3).
Apical meristems, which are located at the tips of shoots and roots in all vascular plants, give rise to three types of primary meristems, which in turn produce the mature primary tissues of the plant.
First, the sieve tubes conduct photosynthates via companion cells from green stems and leaves to nongreen areas (usually roots, lateral meristems, and shoot apical meristems) to promote growth and development.
However, although most permanently differentiated derivative cells are nondividing cells, and regions of division remain in the root and shoot apical meristems, there are regions of dividing derivative cells behind apical meristems that give rise to primary tissue systems and thus are also considered to be primary meristems.
meristems
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However although most permanently differentiated derivative cells are nondividing cells and regions of division remain in the root and shoot apical meristems there are regions of dividing derivative cells behind apical meristems that give rise to primary tissue systems and thus are also considered to be primary meristems