In the Treatise Hume formulates this supposition as the
Already by the late 12th century, the theory of supposition had begun to form.
Now the supposition that the two Propositions, “Some x are y” and “No x are not-y”, do not “assert”, necessarily involves the supposition that “All x are y” does not “assert”, since it would be absurd to suppose that they assert, when combined, more than they do when taken separately.
The next subsection will discuss that supposition in detail.
The main idea here is that the agent faces the process of supposition armed with a core system.
Some words have the effect of widening or narrowing the supposition of other terms in a proposition.
There are two main options for distinguishing imagination and supposition, by phenomenology and by function.
So, one can ask here a normative question: which are the basic axiomatic constraints corresponding to this notion of supposition?
Finally, distribution is treated as a particular mode or type of supposition, confused and distributive supposition.
Here again Gendler stresses that the wontian explanation she provides is premised on how imagination is distinct from mere supposition and belief.
A quick example will give the flavor: In ‘Every dog is a mammal’, ‘dog’ is said to have “confused and distributive” personal supposition insofar as
The notion of supposition seems to be governed by its own axioms, which need not coincide with axioms capturing a diachronic notion of belief change.
Common personal supposition is again divided, namely, into determinate and confused, and the latter into confused and distributive and merely confused supposition.
It is one of equivocation or “four terms”: ‘homo’ (‘man’) has simple supposition in the first premise and personal supposition in the second, so there is no unambiguous middle term to unite the premises.
All modes of supposition so far described fall under what was variously called proper supposition or accidental supposition or, excluding material supposition, formal supposition.
Supposition and copulation are symmetrically related to each other; ‘supposition’ is “an ordering of the understanding of something under something else” while ‘copulation’ is “an ordering of the understanding of something over something else” (Kretzmann 1966, p. 105).
There is a persistent supposition – see, for example, (Gilson 1937) – that Ockham, and many of his fourteenth-century followers, had a basically Humean position on causality; this supposition has deep historical roots (Nadler 1996), but is inaccurate (Adams 1987, pp. 741ff.).
Klima, sec 4.3.2, p. 253) famously eliminated simple supposition altogether, for this very reason, namely, that universals are words of a mental language, so terms suppositing for them are suppositing for a kind of linguistic item, and so such a case should be included under material supposition.
In broad brush-strokes, Ryle's argument-strategy against the supposition that generally intelligent or rational abilities can be explained in terms of prior theoretical operations (involving the apprehension of the relevant truths) is to exhibit how the supposition leads to logically vicious regresses.
In what follows, I shall consider the most important aspects of Wyclif’s theory of supposition, trying to set it in relation to the medieval tradition of treatises on signification and supposition and particularly to its main source, the theory expounded by Walter Burley in his De puritate artis logicae tractatus longior (composed between 1325 and 1328), which contains an original and intelligent defence of the old view of signification and simple supposition against Ockham’s attacks.
supposition
noun communication
- a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence
noun cognition
- a hypothesis that is taken for granted
noun cognition
- the cognitive process of supposing
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In what follows I shall consider the most important aspects of Wyclifs theory of supposition trying to set it in relation to the medieval tradition of treatises on signification and supposition and particularly to its main source the theory expounded by Walter Burley in his De puritate artis logicae tractatus longior composed between 1325 and 1328 which contains an original and intelligent defence of the old view of signification and simple supposition against Ockhams attacks